Dec 27, 2019 groundnut rosette disease pdf groundnut rosette disease grd, caused by a complex of three agents. Mar 22, 2020 groundnut rosette disease pdf groundnut rosette disease grd, caused by a complex of three agents. Proximate and elemental composition of four peanut genotypes infected with groundnut rosette disease grd was examined. Knowledge on inheritance of resistance to the rosette disease is. The disease is caused by association between groundnut rosette assistor virus grav, groundnut rosette umbravirus grv and a satelliterna satrna of grv 7. Incidence of groundnut rosette disease grd and genetic. Harmonized groundnut production manual for malawi april. The diseases is a major constraint of groundnuts in subsaharan africa ssa causing up to 100% yield losses in severe cases.
The disease is caused by a complex mixture of viruses viz. Although pendo has many strengths compared to other varieties, it is highly susceptible to rosette disease. One is called groundnut rosette virus, and is an umbravirus. Determinants of groundnut rosette virus disease occurrence. Ethnological studies of the major indian tribes of south america document the widespread culture of groundnut and provide indirect evidence for its domestication long before the spanish conquest. Spatiotemporal separation of groundnut rosette disease agents. Groundnut rosette disease is the most important disease of groundnuts of sub. This study determined the incidence of groundnut rosette disease grd and genetic diversity of groundnut rosette assistor virus grav, genus luteovirus in western kenya. The disease is caused by a complex of three agents. It is generally distributed in the tropical, subtropical and warm temperate zones. Plants that are infected early will produce no yield. A satellite rna of groundnut rosette virus that is largely. During 199091 and 199697, 6800 groundnut germplasm accessions originating from south america, africa, and asia were evaluated for resistance to rosette disease caused by groundnut rosette umbravirus, its satellite rna and groundnut rosette assistor luteovirus using an infector row technique in malawi.
Genetic control of resistance to rosette virus disease in. Pdf groundnut rosette is a major virus disease of peanut in subsaharan africa. There is a marked reduction in the size of the leaflets and mottling becomes visible. The complex etiology and lack of sensitive and specific diagnostic tools, are major limitations in understanding the epidemiology of grd viruses, and developing appropriate management strategies for the disease. Disease assessment 5 6 6 6 7 diseases of groundnut 8 fungal diseases bacterial disease virus diseases nematode diseases 8 8 8 8 mp 1. Groundnut rosette is a major disease of groundnut arachis hypogaea l. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.
One of the constraints affecting groundnut production is groundnut rosette disease grd. Groundnut rosette assistor luteovirus grav, groundnut rosette umbravirus grv and a satellite. Two main symptom types, chlorotic rosette and green rosette occur. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop appropriate groundnut cultivars that are. Pdf integrated management of groundnut rosette disease. Pdf groundnut rosette disease grd, caused by a complex of three agents. The green rosette type predominates, making uganda a green rosette belt. Groundnut rosette is a major virus disease of peanut in subsaharan africa.
Groundnut rosette disease is one of the most damaging diseases militating against groundnut production in subsaharan africa. Distribution and characteristics of groundnut rosette disease in. Disease cycle of tikka disease of groundnut is presented in figure 380. Breeding groundnut for resistance to rosette disease and its.
Breeding groundnut for resistance to rosette disease and. About 6800 groundnut germplasm accessions originating from south america, africa, and asia were evaluated for resistance to rosette disease using. Farmer perceptions and genetic studies of rosette disease. Surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to determine the incidence and distribution of grd in five major groundnut growing counties of western kenya. Groundnut rosette virus gala university of greenwich. Drought is the major constraint affecting groundnut production, followed by low soil fertility, rosette. Groundnut rosette disease in tanganyika, annals of. The disease is present in the three areas farmed by the overseas. Harmonized groundnut production manual for malawi 1. The objective of this study was to use molecular diagnostic tools to detect the agents of groundnut rosette disease grd to guide in varietal development and disease management. Groundnut researchers are striving to introduce superior options to a popular earlymaturing groundnut variety, pendo icgms 33, in tanzania.
At this conference, which brought together trade associations, growers, breeders, landscape management firms, botanical gardens, federal regulatory agencies, biocontrol corporations, consultants, state plant disease diagnostic. The diseases they cause have profound effects on both plant growth and the quality of produce, resulting in significant losses. Gcr and gmr are predominant in eastern and southern africa, whereas ggr appears to be restricted to western africa reddy 1984b. Groundnut rosette disease grd is the most important viral disease of groundnuts in subsaharan africa. When it sucks the sap of an infected plant it receives groundnut rosette virus and satellite rna, packaged together within a coating of groundnut rosette assistor virus. The disease cause up to 100% yield loss whenever epidemic occurs. The interna tional crops research institute for the. Corresponding to the sori, small, necrotic, brown spots appear on the upper surface of leaves. However, some genetic modifiers may also be present and influence disease expression.
Pdf distribution and characteristics of groundnut rosette. The complex etiology and lack of sensitive and specific diagnostic tools, are major limitations in understanding the epidemiology of grd viruses, and developing. Knowledge bank groundnut rosette disease plantwise. Determination of seed resistance to colonization by aspergillus flavus 9 10 10 11 mp 5. It depends on groundnut rosette assistor virus grav. Studies on the ecology of aphis craccivora koch hem. Inheritance of resistance to rosette virus disease in groundnut. This disease is caused by the virus transmitted through aphids. Detection of each of the causal agents of groundnut. These three components are intricately dependent on each other, and all three play a crucial role in the biology and perpetuation of rosette disease which is not one but three diseases. Summary proceedings of the consultative group meeting, 810 mar 1987, lilongwe, malawi.
The disease is known to cause total crop failure in cases where susceptible varieties are used. Impact of groundnut rosette disease on nutritive value and. Viruses present a major challenge to the production of major food crops worldwide, including legumes. Genetic diversity of groundnut rosette disease causal. Nucleotide sequencing of grav coat protein cp gene revealed 99100% identity.
Groundnut rosette diseases are caused by two viruses and a particle which is just nucleic acid ribonucleic acid and is called a satellite rna. In general, the study revealed that breeding opportunities do exist, incorporating farmers. Rosette disease of groundnuts annually causes great losses in many parts of africa, and the degree of loss varies considerably. The current study investigated the proximate and elemental composition of four groundnut peanut, arachis hypogaea l. In africa, the groundnut aphid feeds on as many as 142.
Groundnut rosette virus disease is transmitted by the groundnut aphid a. Pdf groundnut rosette disease symptoms types distribution. The etiology of grd is a complex, involving three agents. Among the grd associated viruses, grav plays a crucial role in vector. India has the distinction of being the largest producer of groundnut in. During the dry season the aphids maintain themselves on self. The epidermis ruptures and exposes a powdery mass of uredospores. Groundnut rosette transmitted by aphis craccivora, is the most destructive viral disease of groundnut in subsaharan africa causing yield losses approaching 100% where ever an epidemic occurs reddy, 1984. Detection of each of the causal agents of groundnut rosette. The major virus diseases of groundnut are bud necrosis, clump, rosette, peanut stripe, and peanut mottle mp 1114.
Farmer perceptions and genetic studies of rosette disease in. This poses a great threat to groundnut production in the country. Groundnut rosette disease grd, transmitted naturally by aphids, aphis craccivora, is the most destructive viral disease of groundnut arachis hypogaea l. Genetic diversity of groundnut rosette disease causal agents. The three agents are intricately dependent on each other and all play a crucial role in the biology and perpetuation of the disease.
The plants affected by this disease look stunted and present bushy appearance. A century of research on groundnut rosette disease and its. No viruslike particles have been reported for grv but infected plants yield infective ssrna. Small brown to chestnut dusty pustules uredosori appear on the lower surface of leaves. The incidence of groundnut rosette assistor virus grav in farmers fields and sequence diversity of groundnut rosette disease grd agents were assessed in the three northern groundnut production regions of ghana. Groundnut rosette disease is one of the most destructive diseases of groundnut in subsaharan africa, which is transmitted by aphids, although rosette epidemics are sporadic, yield losses approach 100% whenever the disease occurs in epidemic proportions. The most effective, economic and environmental friendly method to control the disease is through genetic resistance. Groundnut rosette disease grd, caused by a complex of three agents. Nearly 90 percent of the groundnut grown in the country is kharif sown from may june to september october. Results revealed that there was statistically significant variation among the groundnut varieties in their levels of rosette incidence from 30 to. Three villages per zone were involved in the study. Appiah, as 2017, studies on groundnut rosette disease in ghana and genomic analysis of a novel phasey bean virus in australia, phd thesis, university of tasmania. Introducing groundnut varieties more tolerant to rosette.
It is important to understand the diagnosis of diseases. Samples were collected from both grd infected and healthy plants and sites georeferenced. Sources of resistance to groundnut rosette disease in global. Groundnut rosette virus disease grd has long been regarded a major limiting biotic constraint to groundnut production in subsaharan africa ssa. Impact of groundnut rosette disease on nutritive value and elemental. Semiarid tropics icrisat estimates that groundnut rosette disease causes greater yield loss than any other. Groundnut rosette virus disease is a very serious disease of groundnuts in uganda. Icrisat has shown that rosette disease has a complex etiology involving three agents. The disease is caused by a complex of three viral components that interact in a synergistic fashion. Pdf groundnut rosette disease symptoms types distribution and. Rosette conference organized by star roses and plants and the garden rose council in april of 20. However, production among smallholder farmers has declined in recent years. Following are some of the suggested control measures of the disease. They are groundnut chlorotic rosette gcr, groundnut green rosette ggr, and groundnut mosaic rosette gmr.
Peanut clump virus is transmitted by the fungus polymyxa graminis. Rosette is the most destructive virus disease of groundnut peanut, arachis hypogaea l. May 24, 20 groundnut rosette disease is one of the most destructive diseases of groundnut in subsaharan africa, which is transmitted by aphids, although rosette epidemics are sporadic, yield losses approach 100% whenever the disease occurs in epidemic proportions. Survey of the incidence and distribution of groundnut. The disease is epidemic in nature and there is a seasonal cycle of infection, but the origins of this virus are unknown. Analysis by tripleantibody sandwich enzymelinked immunosorbent assay of groundnut samples from fields in two seasons from different regions of malawi showed the absence of groundnut rosette assistor virus grav from some plants showing groundnut rosette disease symptoms and the presence of grav in some symptomless plants. There is no control for the virus once a plant is infected but control of the aphids will prevent further spread.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Nucleotide sequencing of grav coat protein cp gene revealed. Groundnut rosette disease africa soil health consortium. It is principally transmitted by the groundnut aphid aphis craccivora koch. The incidence of rosette disease in groundnut in relation to plant density and its effect on yield. Harmonized groundnut production manual for malawi april 2014. Pdf molecular diagnostics of groundnut rosette disease. Luteoviridae for encapsidation in grav coat protein and for transmission by aphis craccivora in the. In kenya, grd infection especially before flowering results in 100% loss in pod yield.
Groundnut arachis hypogaea plants with rosette disease contain a manually transmissible virus, groundnut rosette virus grv, which depends on a luteovirus, groundnut rosette assistor virus grav, for transmission by the aphid aphis craccivora. The symptoms of rosette disease in groundnut are variable. Moisture and ash content generally decreased while fat. Summary groundnut arachis hypogaea plants with rosette disease contain a manually transmissible virus, groundnut rosette virus grv, which depends on a luteovirus, groundnut rosette assistor virus grav, for transmission by the aphid aphis craccivora. The disease is usually found when the plants are about 6 weeks old. Assessing sequence diversity of groundnut rosette disease. With the current unstable market performance for tobacco, the development of the agricultural sector and its contribution to the national economy is. Epidemics of grd viruses in ssa, often reduce groundnut productivity. This article is a list of diseases of peanuts arachis hypogaea. There is however, a need to undertake further studies in order to establish economic injury levels and action thresholds to guide in integrated management of groundnut rosette disease and its vectors. Groundnut rosette assistor luteovirus grav, groundnut rosette umbravirus grv and a satelliterna satrna of grv. The two viruses belong to different virus families. Groundnut production constraints and farmers preferred. Coordinated research on groundnut rosette virus disease.